Shoes, particularly golf shoes, and studs therefor

ABSTRACT

In a shoe having a rubber or plastic material sole there are provided metal studs projecting from the sole, which are retained in the sole by the rubber or plastic material moulded around each stud to enclose part of a length thereof and a flange provided on the stud.

United States Patent UN UN l l l' l t ll l l H0] Folk: Lennan Olseon; Thure Verner Belmen; Karl-Erik Johlnsson. all at lhlsingborg, Sweden lnventors Appl. Nov 859,934

Filed Sept. 22. I969 Patented Aug. 24, I971 Priority Sept. 25, I968 Sweden H.903!

SHOES, PARTICULARLY GOLF SHOES. AND STUDS THEREFOR llClalnuJDnwlngFlp.

U.S.Cl t. .t l. 36/59 lnt.Cl .t ,.....A43b23/28 FleldolSearch .t 36/2.5.59. 67,62

[56] Relerences Clted UNITED STATES PATENTS l.925,486 9/l933 Jessell M 36/59 3,040,450 6/l962 Phillips t. 36/59 3,324,578 6/1967 Brutting l. 36/26 3343285 9/1967 Kowal i 36/67 3,46l .576 8/1969 Hubbard 36/67 Primary Examiner Patrick D. Lawson Attorney-lanes 8t Chapman ABSTRACT: In a shoe having a rubber or plastic material sole there are provided metal studs projecting from the sole, which are retained in the sole by the rubber or plastic material moulded around each stud to enclose part of a length thereof and a flange provided on the stud.

SHOES, PARTICULARLY GOLF SHOES, AND STUDS THEREFOR BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to shoes having a rubber or plastic sole and having studs which are fixed to the sole by means of a flange provided on the studs, and has special reference to golf shoes of this kind.

The most frequent manner of fixing studs into golf shoes and also into spiked shoes consists in introducing the stud having a threaded pin through a hole in the sole and screwing it into a threaded washer on the inside of the sole, a flange on the stud being pressed against the outside of the sole as a result of the screwing operation. This arrangement is preferably applied to shoes having leather soles but may also be used in connection with shoes having rubber soles, in which case it is however necessary to tighten the stud after vulcanization of the sole. In rubber soles there has also been used another fixing arrangement which consists in passing the stud through a hole in the sole from the inside thereof, a flange on the stud being brought into contact with the bottom of an interior countersunk portion of the said hole, whereupon a plug is vulcanized in the countersunk portion for final locking of the stud in position in the sole. This latter manner of fixing studs has turned out to be unsuitable since the rubber material is not capable of resisting the stresses created in the sole when lateral forces exerted thereon, and the said arrangement, like the screw arrangement, has the drawback that moisture may penetrate between the stud and the sole and give rise to corrosion on those portions of the stud which are located in the sole. The invention aims at fixing the studs in shoes of the kind referred to above, while encasing them in a moistureproof manner in the sole material.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION For said purpose there is provided according to the invention in a shoe having a sole of a material in the group comprising rubber and plastic materials, the arrangement including metal studs projecting from said sole, and a flange on each stud, the material of the sole being moulded around each of said studs over a substantial part of the length thereof and around said flange to retain the stud in said sole.

According to the invention there is also provided a stud for a shoe of the kind described, comprising a shaft providing an end for engagement with the ground, and a flange on said shaft spaced in the longitudinal direction of said shaft from said end and projecting laterally from the shaft.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING In order to explain the invention, an embodiment thereof will be described in greater detail in the following with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic lateral elevation of a golf shoe according to the invention,

FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view through part of the sole of the golf shoe, and

FIG. 3 is a plan view ofa stud as seen from the flange end.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT According to the invention the golf shoe shown in the drawng is provided with studs in the sole each comprising a shaft ind a flange which may be made as a unitary body or may be romposed of separate parts, one part forming the shaft and .nother part forming the flange the shaft and flange being inerconnected by riveting, crimping, pressure fit or by fastening ieans such as screws or in any other suitable way. The flange nd a substantial part of the shaft are embedded in the materil of the sole in order to retain the stud in the sole in a position which the shaft is disposed in substantially right angles to ie sole surface, and to prevent the stud from tilting or tipping. he retaining effect may be improved by using openings such as holes or slots in the flange which are filled with the material of the sole. As an alternative to or together with such openings a groove may be provided in the shaft which is also filled with said material. In order to obtain the necessary thickness of sole material partially embedding the stud a spherical cap with or without a central stud may be provided around the shaft on the sole surface.

Referring to the drawing in more detail the golf shoe shown in FIG. 1 comprises an upper 10 united with an insole and being of arbitrary form or design. A rubber or plastic sole 11 forming a heel l2, integral therewith, is fixed to the insole by means of compression or injection moulding. In the wear surface of sole I1 and heel 12 there are provided a number of studs 13, and these studs are attached as shown in more detail in FIG. 2.

Each stud 13 is preferably made of steel and has a shaft 14, a laterally projecting circular flange 15 at one end of the shaft and an axially projecting hard metal pin 16 for ground engagement fixed in the shaft at the other end thereof. Preferably, the shaft and the flange forms an integral piece and the flange is disposed at said one end of the shaft, as shown, or near said end inwardly thereof. The shaft is provided at some distance from the flange 15 with an annular groove 17 defined by conical surfaces, and the flange 15 is provided with four circular through openings shown as holes I8 in FIG. 3.

The stud 13 thus formed is fixed in sole l1 and heel 12, respectively, by the material therein being compression or injection moulded around a greater portion of the shaft 14 said portion preferably extending over about one half of the total axial length of the shaft, and around the flange IS, the material extending through the holes I8 in the flange l5 and also filling the groove 17. At its outside the sole and the heel, respectively, around the stud is provided with a spherical cap 19 of the rubber or plastic material, and the said cap merges adjacent the shaft 14 into an annular stub 20. The cap and the stub combine to retain securely the stub in a position perpendicular to the sole surface as shown in FIG. 2.

The stud fixed in this manner is securely retained in the sole or heel not only against pure compressional forces acting axially on the stud but also against lateral forces tending to tilt or tip the stud thereby exerting a shearing or breaking stress on the sole material, due to the intimate connection between the rubber or plastic material and the stud, obtained as a result of the material tightly enclosing the flange and a substantial part of the shaft and also filling the groove 17 and the holes 18. Due to the sealed and tight enclosing of the stud moisture is prevented from penetrating between the rubber or plastic material and the stud, whereby corrosion of the portions of the stud located in such material is prevented.

The golf shoe having rubber sole and heel and described above may be manufactured in the following manner. The studs 13 are placed in cavities in the moulding tool which is used for producing the sole l1 and heel 12, after both sides of the flange 15 preferably have first been treated in order to adhere to the rubber material. This treatment may consist in cementing with a solution of fifty percent neoprene and fifty percent chlorine rubber. On top of the studs there are then placed one or more carefully dimensioned blanks of unvulcanized rubber and possibly a filler for the heel 12. It may also be advisable to place a washerlike blank of unvulcanized rubber on the shaft 14 in contact with the underside of the flange 15 prior to mounting the studs in the moulding tool, which serves to hold the stud in the correct position at the beginning of the operation and to shorten the path along which the rubber must flow while encasing the stud. As a matter of fact, the unvulcanized rubber, if forced to flow along too long paths, may become vulcanized on the surface and will then not be able to flow together homogeneously. The rubber material is then warm vulcanized under compression moulding to the insole united with the upper 10, the rubber sole and heel being given the desired shape preferably with the bulges l9 and 20 around the studs for the purpose mentioned above and with a suitable corrugation on the wear surfaces of the sole and heel.

The invention may also be used in connection with other shoes than golf shoes, e.g. in connection with spiked shoes and shoes of all kinds having a studded wear surface, including boots. The sole, with or without a heel, may be made of rubber or of such plastic as will now in may cases replace rubber as sole material, either through compression moulding or through injection moulding.

We claim:

l. A shoe comprising a molded sole; and, molded in place in the shoe, with the sole material in retaining close contact therewith, a plurality of studs, each comprising a flange, a tip, and a shaft portion extending therebetween, the flange and a part of the shaft being embedded in the sole, and the tip and a part of the shaft projecting from the sole, the shaft in the embedded portion including a portion of lesser diameter and a portion of greater diameter connected by a tapered portion, with the portion of greater diameter extending to the flange, the flange and the portions of lesser and greater diameter being shaped to facilitate flow of sole material thereabout in close contact therewith during molding.

2. A shoe according to claim 1, in which the shaft portions of lesser and greater diameter comprise a peripheral groove.

3. A shoe in accordance with claim 1, in which the peripheral groove in cross section is frustoconically tapered.

4. A shoe in accordance with claim I, in which the sole is formed with a plurality of outwardly extending bulges enclosing the embedded stud portions.

5. A shoe in accordance with claim 1, in which the projecting portions of the studs are tapered.

6. A shoe in accordance with claim 1, in which the stud flanges have a plurality of openings therethrough, filled with molded sole material.

7. A shoe in accordance with claim I, in which a hard metal pin is held upon and extends from the tip, for engagement with the ground.

8. A shoe comprising a molded sole; a plurality of studs molded in place in the sole, each comprising a flange, a tip,

and a shaft therebetween; the flange and a part of the shaft being embedded in the sole, and the tip and a part of the shaft projecting from the sole; and a plurality of outwardly extending bulges formed in the wear surface of the sole surrounding and covering the embedded stud portions adjacent the wear surface.

9. A shoe stud adapted to be molded in place within a molded sole of a shoe, with the sole material in retaining close contact therewith, comprising a flange; a tip; and a shaft portion extending therebetween; the flange and a part of the shaft being adapted to be embedded in the sole, and the tip and a part of the shaft being adapted to project from the sole; the shaft in the portion adapted to be embedded including a portion of lesser diameter and a portion of greater diameter mm nected by a tapered portion, with the portion of greater diameter extending to the flange, the flange and the portions of lesser and greater diameter being shaped to facilitate flow of sole material thereabout in close contact therewith during molding.

10. A shoe stud in accordance with claim 9, in which the portions of lesser and greater diameter comprise a peripheral groove.

11. A shoe stud in accordance with claim 9, in which the projecting end is tapered.

12. A shoe stud in accordance with claim 9, in which the flange has a plurality of openings formed therethrough, adapted to be filled with the material of the shoe sole.

13. A shoe stud in accordance with claim 10, in which the peripheral groove in cross section is frustoconically tapered.

14. A shoe stud adapted to be fixed in place within a molded shoe sole, having a shaft shaped at one end with a flange and a peripheral groove frustoconically tapered in cross section, to be embedded and anchored in a molded sole, and having a tip at the other end to project from the molded sole; and a hard metal pin held upon and extending from the tip, for engagement with the ground. 

1. A shoe comprising a molded sole; and, molded in place in the shoe, with the sole material in retaining close contact therewith, a plurality of studs, each comprising a flange, a tip, and a shaft portion extending therebetween, the flange and a part of the shaft being embedded in the sole, and the tip and a part of the shaft projecting from the sole, the shaft in the embedded portion including a portion of lesser diameter and a portion of greater diameter connected by a tapered portion, with the portion of greater diameter extending to the flange, the flange and the portions of lesser and greater diameter being shaped to facilitate flow of sole material thereabout in close contact therewith during molding.
 2. A shoe according to claim 1, in which the shaft portions of lesser and greater diameter comprise a peripheral groove.
 3. A shoe in accordance with claim 1, in which the peripheral groove in cross section is frustoconically tapered.
 4. A shoe in accordance with claim 1, in which the sole is formed with a plurality of outwardly extending bulges enclosing the embedded stud portions.
 5. A shoe in accordance with claim 1, in which the projecting portions of the studs are tapered.
 6. A shoe in accordance with claim 1, in which the stud flanges have a plurality of openings therethrough, filled with molded sole material.
 7. A shoe in accordance with claim 1, in which a hard metal pin is held upon and extends from the tip, for engagement with the ground.
 8. A shoe comprising a molded sole; a plurality of studs molded in place in the sole, each comprising a flange, a tip, and a shaft therebetween; the flange and a part of the shaft being embedded in the sole, and the tip and a part of the shaft projecting from the sole; and a plurality of outwardly extending bulges formed in the wear surface of the sole surrounding and covering the embedded stud portions adjacent the wear surface.
 9. A shoe stud adapted to be molded in place within a molded sole of a shoe, with the sole material in retaining close contact therewith, comprising a flange; a tip; and a shaft portion extending therebetween; the flange and a part of the shaft being adapted to be embedded in the sole, and the tip and a part of the shaft being adapted to project from the sole; the shaft in the portion adapted to be embedded including a portion of lesser diameter and a portion of greater diameter connected by a tapered portion, with the portion of greater diameter extending to the flange, the flange and the portions of lesser and greater diameter being shaped to facilitate flow of solE material thereabout in close contact therewith during molding.
 10. A shoe stud in accordance with claim 9, in which the portions of lesser and greater diameter comprise a peripheral groove.
 11. A shoe stud in accordance with claim 9, in which the projecting end is tapered.
 12. A shoe stud in accordance with claim 9, in which the flange has a plurality of openings formed therethrough, adapted to be filled with the material of the shoe sole.
 13. A shoe stud in accordance with claim 10, in which the peripheral groove in cross section is frustoconically tapered.
 14. A shoe stud adapted to be fixed in place within a molded shoe sole, having a shaft shaped at one end with a flange and a peripheral groove frustoconically tapered in cross section, to be embedded and anchored in a molded sole, and having a tip at the other end to project from the molded sole; and a hard metal pin held upon and extending from the tip, for engagement with the ground. 